From Camley Street Nature Park to the Arctic, it seems that invasive species have the potential to crop up just about everywhere! But what is it about these species that allows them to become so well established in the new locations across the globe? I've combined the traits of some of the top invaders to create the ultimate invasive species survival guide...
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Invasive Species Survival Guide
1. Climate
Matching
Species
that are introduced to a location where the environmental conditions are
similar to that of their native range may be more likely to succeed (Bomford et al., 2005). This is as
their physiological adaptations and behavioural responses are already suited to
seasonal variations in temperature, precipitation.
2. High competitive Ability
Species with a high competitive ability such as the Argentine ant (Holway, 1999) are more likely to acquire food, water and habitat resources that are necessary in order to survive.
3. High intrinsic rate of increase
The intrinsic rate of increase takes into consideration the number of surviving reproductive individuals, the proportion of these which are females, and the age at which females can reproduce. Thus the higher the intrinsic rate of increase, the more rapid population growth is. As a result, species that have a high intrinsic rate of increase are more likely to be successful invaders (Crawley et al., 1986).
4. High abundance in native range
Firn et al., (2011) studied the abundance of invasive plant species in their
native and invasive range across eight countries, revealing that there was often a similar abundance in both locations. This suggests that if a species is very
abundant in its native range it is likely to be abundant in its invasive range.
5. Availability of suitable habitat and vacant niche
Due to an increased availability of resources, a vacant niche means that an invasive species is more likely to become established in a new location. For example, ant species with different sized mandibles consume different sized food sources; allowing the species to be separated dependant on their food niche. Arndt (2006) showed that when the food niche was empty, species were successful invaders. However, when ants were introduced to a site where their niche was already occupied by an existing species, the invader did not establish.
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*Terms & Conditions:
To succeed as an invasive species not all traits are necessary (Daehler, 2003; Gallagher et al., 2010) however, a combination of multiple traits can be advantageous!
